Questions
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How to populate databases in Laravel
Laravel includes the ability to seed your database with data using seed classes. All seed classes are stored in the database/seeders directory. By default, a DatabaseSeeder clas...
What is the difference between Factory and Seeder in Laravel?
Both Factory and Seeder are used to generate testing data for your application. But there are some differences: Factory By using factories you can easily create test data for your Laravel applicati...
What is the difference between collection and query builder in Laravel?
Query Builder Builder is a layer of abstraction between your application and the database. Typically it's used to provide a common API for you to build platform-agnostic database queries. $users = ...
How to log data in JSON in Laravel
Logging data in JSON format in Laravel can be done using the built-in Monolog logging library that Laravel uses under the hood. Here are the steps to configure Laravel to log data in JSON format: O...
How do I profile a Python script?
By default, Python contains a profiler called cProfile. It not only gives the total running time, but also times each function separately, and tells you how many times each function was called, mak...
How can I make a Python dictionary from separate lists of keys and values?
You can create a Python dictionary from two separate lists, where the first list contains keys and the second list contains values using the zip function. Here is an example of this in action: List...
How can I import a Python module dynamically given the full path?
Importing programmatically To programmatically import a module, use importlib.import_module(). import importlib itertools = importlib.import_module('itertools') Checking if a module can be imp...
How to start an HTTP server in Python?
You can create an HTTP server in python using the http.server module. Starting server from the command line To start a server from a command line, navigate to your projects directory cd /dev/myproj...
How to use different Python version with virtualenv?
You can create a virtual environment with a specific python version using the command below. Python 3 or newer For python 3, it is important to note that venv does not permit creating virtual ...
How to create a singleton in Python?
The singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance. Using metaclass In Python, there are multi...
What does all mean in Python?
In Python, the all() function returns True if all elements of an iterable (e.g. list, tuple, etc.) are true, and False otherwise. For example: all([True, True, True]) True all([True, False, True]) ...
How can I flush the output of the print function in Python?
In Python, you can use the flush method of the sys.stdout object to flush the output of the print function. For example, you can use the following code to flush the output of the print function: im...
How to convert integer to string in Python?
In Python, you can convert an integer to a string by using the str() function. For example: x = 5 y = str(x) print(y) The output of this code will be the string "5". Another way to convert integer ...
How do I get time of a Python program's execution?
You can use the time module in Python to get the time of a program's execution. The time() function returns the current time in seconds since the epoch (the epoch is a predefined point in time, usu...
How do I write JSON data to a file in Python?
You can use the json module in Python to write JSON data to a file. The module has a dump() function that can be used to write JSON data to a file-like object. Here's an example of how you can use ...
How to reverse a string in Python?
To reverse a string in Python, you can use slicing with the step parameter set to -1. Here is an example: originalstring = "hello" reversedstring = originalstring[::-1] print(reversedstring) # "olleh"
How can I install packages using pip according to the requirements.txt file from a local directory?
To install packages using pip according to the requirements in a requirements.txt file located in your current directory, you can use the following command: pip install -r requirements.txt This wil...
Random string generation with upper case letters and digits in Python?
You can use the random module and the string module to generate a random string of a specified length that includes upper case letters and digits. Here's an example function that generates a random...
How do I install pip?
To install pip, you can use the following command: python -m ensurepip --upgrade This will install or upgrade pip. Alternatively, you can also download the get-pip.py script and run it using the Py...
How do I print to stderr in Python?
In Python, you can use the print() function to print to stderr by passing the value file=sys.stderr as a keyword argument. For example: import sys print("This is an error message", file=sys.stderr)...
How to fix fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory?
This error typically occurs when the development headers for Python are not installed on your system. To fix this error, you need to install the python-dev package, which contains the necessary hea...
Proper way to declare custom exceptions in modern Python?
In modern Python, the recommended way to declare custom exceptions is to create a new class that inherits from the built-in Exception class. This class should define any additional attributes or me...
What is the meaning of single and double underscore before an object name in Python?
In Python, single underscore _ before an object name means that the object is meant to be private, and shouldn't be directly accessed from outside the class. However, it is just a naming convention...
How do I read from stdin in Python?
In Python, you can read from standard input (stdin) using the input() function. This function blocks execution and waits for the user to enter some text, which is then returned as a string. For exa...
Replacements for switch statement in Python?
In Python, the if-elif-else statement can be used as a replacement for a switch statement. Additionally, the dict.get() method or a dictionary of functions can also be used to achieve a similar eff...
Extracting extension from filename in Python
You can use the os.path.splitext() function from the os.path module in Python to extract the file extension from a filename. Here's an example: import os filename = "example.txt" extension = os.pat...
What's the best way to check for type in Python?
The built-in type() function is the most commonly used method for checking the type of an object in Python. For example, type(my_variable) will return the type of my_variable. Additionally, you can...
Installing specific package version with pip
To install a specific version of a package with pip, you can use the == operator followed by the desired version number. For example: pip install package_name==1.0.4 This will install version 1.0.4...
Generate random integers between X and Y in Python?
To generate random integers between x and y (inclusive), you can use the random module in the Python standard library. Here's an example: import random x = 1 y = 10 randomnumber = random.randint(x,...
How do I split the definition of a long string over multiple lines in Python?
To split a long string over multiple lines in Python, you can use the line continuation character, which is a backslash (\) at the end of the line. The string will continue on the next line as if i...
Getting the class name of an instance in Python?
You can use the built-in type() function to get the class name of an instance in Python. For example: class MyClass: pass myinstance = MyClass() print(type(myinstance).name) This will output My...
What is the difference between venv, pyvenv, pyenv, virtualenv, virtualenvwrapper, pipenv, etc.
venv, pyvenv, and pyenv are all tools that can be used to create isolated Python environments. virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper are similar tools that can also create isolated Python environments. ...
How do I check if a string represents a number in Python?
To check if a string represents a number (float or int) in Python, you can try casting it to a float or int and check if the cast was successful. If the string can't be cast, then it is not a numbe...
How Do I Measure Elapsed Time in Python?
There are several ways to measure elapsed time in Python. Here are a few options: You can use the time module to get the current time in seconds since the epoch (the epoch is a predefined point in ...
How do I append to a file in Python?
To append to a file in Python, you can use the "a" mode in the open() function. This will open the file in append mode, which means that you can write new data at the end of the file. Here is an ex...
How do I remove a trailing newline in Python?
You can use the rstrip() method to remove a trailing newline from a string. Here is an example: s = "Hello, World!\n" s = s.rstrip() print(s) This will print "Hello, World!" (without the newline). ...
How to check if the string is empty in Python?
To check if a string is empty in Python, you can use the len() function. For example: string = "" if len(string) == 0: print("The string is empty") You can also use the not operator to check if...
How do I pad a string with zeroes in Python?
You can pad a string with zeros in Python by using the zfill() method. This method adds zeros to the left of the string until it reaches the specified length. Here's an example: s = '123' padded = ...
How to read a file line-by-line in Python?
To read a file line-by-line in Python, you can use the following approach: with open('file.txt') as f: for line in f: print(line) This will open the file, read each line in the file, an...
How to delete an element from a dictionary in Python?
To delete an element from a dictionary in Python, you can use the del statement. For example: mydict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3} del mydict['b'] print(my_dict) # {'a': 1, 'c': 3} This will remove t...
How do I count the occurrences of a list item in Python?
You can use the count() method of a list to count the number of occurrences of an item in the list. For example: mylist = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a'] print( mylist.count('a') ) # 3 This will return 3...
How to determine the type of an object in Python?
You can use the type() function to determine the type of an object in Python. For example: x = 10 print(type(x)) # Output: y = "hello" print(type(y)) # Output: z = [1, 2, 3] print(type(z)) # O...
How to run Python code on Android?
There are several ways to run Python code on an Android device: Use an Android app that can run Python code, such as QPython, PyDroid, or Python for Android. These apps typically include a built-in...
How to remove an element from a list by index in Python?
To remove an element from a list by index in Python, you can use the del statement. Here is an example: a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] del a[2] print(a) # [1, 2, 4, 5] The del statement removes the element at...
How do I get the number of elements in a list (length of a list) in Python?
To get the number of elements in a list in Python, you can use the len() function. For example, if you have a list my_list, you can get its length using len(my_list). Here's an example: mylist = [1...
How to limit floats to X decimal points in Python?
There are a few different ways to limit the number of decimal places for a float in Python. Here are three options: Use the round() function: x = 3.14159265 rounded = round(x, 2) # 3.14 Use string...
How do I print curly-brace characters in a string while using .format in Python?
To print a curly brace character in a string while using the .format() method in Python, you can use double curly braces {{ and }} to escape the curly braces. For example: print("{{example}}".forma...
How can I randomly select an item from a list in Python?
To randomly select an item from a list in Python, you can use the random.choice() function from the random module. This function takes a list as an argument and returns a randomly selected element ...
How to check if an object has an attribute in Python?
To check if an object has an attribute in Python, you can use the hasattr function. This function takes two arguments: the object and the attribute name as a string. It returns True if the object h...
Importing files from different folder in Python?
In Python, you can use the import statement to import modules or files from different folders. If the file you want to import is in a different folder than the script you are running, you will need...
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