Questions
Find answers to frequently asked development questions. For information about Better Stack products, explore our docs.
How to Disable JavaScript in Playwright Tests
Playwright enables JavaScript by default in all browsers, but you can easily disable it per test or even globally using a couple of configuration options
How to Perform Actions on Multiple Elements in Playwright
If you need to perform an action on multiple elements at once (such as clicking on several items in a list), you can do it as follows
How to Mock Dates in Playwright Tests
Mocking or emulating a specific date or time in Playwright is done by extending the `Date` object. Read on to find out how to do it
How to Change Timeout Settings in Playwright
Learn how to change Playwright's default timeout settings for various tasks
How to Pause Tests in Playwright
Manually pausing Playwright tests is only recommended when troubleshooting a test. Here's how to do with with the `waitForTimeout()` method
How to Get an Element's Attribute in Playwright
Retrieving attributes on web page elements is really straightforward through the `getAttribute()` method
How to Get the Current Page URL in Playwright
Retrieving the current page's URL is straightforward in Playwright using `page.url()`
How to Check an Element's Value in Playwright
Checking or asserting on the value of any element is straightforward in Playwright
How to Check an Element's Existence in Playwright
Learn how to check whether an element exists or is visible in Playwright
How to redirect all mail to one user in Postfix
To redirect all incoming mail to one user in Postfix, you can use the virtual alias map feature. This allows you to define a mapping for all incoming emails to be redirected to a specific user or e...
How to change the maximum mail size in Postfix
To change the maximum mail size in Postfix, you need to modify the configuration settings for Postfix. The maximum mail size is controlled by two main parameters: message_size_limit and mailbox_siz...
How can I see the contents of the mail whose ID I get from mailq command?
You can see the contents of the mail whose ID you get from the mailq command by using the postcat command. Here’s how you can do it: postcat -q YOURMAILID Replace YOUR_MAIL_ID with the ID of the ma...
What are the practical differences between Maildir and Mbox?
Maildir and Mbox are two different email storage formats used to store email messages on a mail server or email client. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between them of...
How do I check the postfix queue size?
You can check the size and status of the Postfix mail queue using the postqueue command. To view the size of the queue, follow these steps: Open a terminal or SSH session to your server. Use the po...
How to correct Postfix' 'Relay Access Denied'?
The "Relay Access Denied" error in Postfix typically occurs when Postfix receives an email from an external sender and determines that it should not relay the email to its destination. This error m...
How to automate the installation of postfix on Ubuntu?
Automating the installation of Postfix on Ubuntu can be done using a package management tool like apt and a script or a configuration management tool like Ansible. Below are two methods to automate...
How to parse Apache logs
Parsing Apache logs can be achieved through various methods and tools, allowing you to extract useful information from log files generated by the Apache web server. These logs contain a wealth of d...
Is Postfix the same thing as Sendmail?
No, Postfix and Sendmail are not the same thing, although they serve a similar purpose. Both are Mail Transfer Agents (MTAs), which are responsible for routing and delivering email messages between...
What ports to open for a mail server?
To set up a mail server, you'll need to open specific ports to allow incoming and outgoing mail traffic. The ports you need to open depend on the email protocols you plan to use. The most common em...
How can I speed up a MySQL restore from a dump file?
Restoring a MySQL database from a dump file can be a time-consuming process, especially if the dump file is large. To speed up the restoration process, you can consider the following strategies: Op...
How can I do a dump of only the table structure in PostgreSQL?
To perform a dump of only the table structure (schema) in PostgreSQL, you can use the pg_dump command with the --schema-only option. Here's how to do it: pgdump --schema-only -t yourtablename yourd...
How To Backup "crontab -e" Files?
To backup the crontab entries that you've edited using the crontab -e command, you can use several methods. Here are a couple of approaches: Step 1 - Use the crontab Command to Export to a File You...
SQL Server (2005/2008): Does full backup truncate the log in full recovery mode
In SQL Server, when a database is in the Full Recovery Mode, taking a full backup does not automatically truncate the transaction log. The transaction log is a critical component of SQL Server's da...
What exactly will --delete-excluded do for rsync?
The --delete-excluded option in rsync specifies that you want to delete files from the destination that are excluded from the synchronization. It has a specific behavior when combined with the --ex...
Linux - What directories should I exclude when backing up a server?
When backing up a Linux server, it's important to be selective about which directories you include in your backup and which directories you exclude. The choice of directories to exclude depends on ...
Can I make rsync output only the summary?
Yes, you can make rsync output only a summary of the transfer by using the --stats option. This option provides a summary of the files transferred, the amount of data transferred, and the transfer ...
How to keep the full path with rsync?
When using rsync to back up data, you can preserve the full directory structure of your source data by using the -a (or --archive) option. The -a option is a shorthand for several other rsync optio...
Can git be used as a backup tool?
Git is primarily a version control system rather than a traditional backup tool. While it can help you manage and track changes to your source code and other text-based files, it is not designed as...
Why isn’t RAID a backup
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a technology used to improve the performance, availability, and reliability of data storage in a computer system. While it provides certain benefits, ...
Nginx real_ip_header and X-Forwarded-For seems wrong
When dealing with proxy servers and the X-Forwarded-For header in Nginx, it's essential to ensure the correct usage of the real_ip_header directive to accurately identify the client's IP address. T...
How to reduce number of sockets in TIME_WAIT?
The TIME_WAIT state in TCP connections is a standard part of the TCP protocol. These sockets are in a state of waiting to ensure that any delayed packets or stray packets are not misinterpreted in ...
What is the difference between Nginx variables $host, $http_host, and $server_name?
In Nginx, the variables $host, $http_host, and $server_name serve different purposes and hold distinct values within the context of an HTTP request. Here's a breakdown of their differences: $host: ...
How to force nginx to resolve DNS (of a dynamic hostname) every time when doing proxy_pass?
By default, Nginx caches DNS records for a certain period to enhance performance. However, if you have a dynamic hostname and you need Nginx to resolve DNS every time a request comes in, you can us...
How to set up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy?
Setting up Nginx as a caching reverse proxy can significantly improve web server performance by serving cached content to users, reducing the load on the upstream servers. Here's a basic guideline ...
How to handle relative URLs correctly with a nginx reverse proxy
When using a reverse proxy with Nginx, handling relative URLs correctly is crucial to ensure that the proxied content is displayed properly. Here are some guidelines on how to handle relative URLs ...
How can I use environment variables in Nginx.conf
You can use environment variables in your Nginx configuration (nginx.conf) by making use of the env module and the set directive. Here's how you can do it: Step 1 -Install the nginx with env module...
In Nginx, how can I rewrite all http requests to https while maintaining sub-domain?
To rewrite all HTTP requests to HTTPS in Nginx while maintaining the sub-domain, you can use the rewrite directive in your Nginx server block configuration. Here's an example of how to do this: Ope...
How to parse nginx logs
Parsing Nginx logs is a common task for administrators and developers who want to analyze web server activity, monitor traffic, and troubleshoot issues. Nginx logs can provide valuable insights int...
Can we have multiple CNAMES for a single Name?
No, according to DNS (Domain Name System) standards, having multiple CNAME (Canonical Name) records for a single name is not allowed. A CNAME record creates an alias from one domain name to another...
What's the meaning of '@' in a DNS zone file?
In DNS (Domain Name System) zone files, the '@' symbol represents the origin or root of the domain itself. It is used as a placeholder to denote the domain name itself within the zone file. The '@'...
How does Windows decide which DNS Server to use when resolving names?
In a Windows environment, the process of determining which DNS server to use for name resolution involves several steps, and it follows a specific order, typically defined in the network configurat...
Is a CNAME to CNAME chain allowed?
No, a CNAME to CNAME chain is not allowed in DNS due to restrictions specified in DNS standards. In DNS (Domain Name System), a CNAME (Canonical Name) record is used to create an alias from one dom...
Is a wildcard CNAME DNS record valid?
In the Domain Name System (DNS), a CNAME (Canonical Name) record is used to create an alias from one domain name to another. A wildcard DNS record is a record that matches requests for non-existent...
Why multiple PTR records in DNS is not recommended?
In the Domain Name System (DNS), the Pointer (PTR) record is used to map an IP address to a hostname, serving the reverse DNS lookup process. These records are crucial for various network functions...
How to configure a Windows machine to allow file sharing with a DNS alias
To configure a Windows machine to allow file sharing with a DNS alias, you'll need to set up the appropriate DNS alias and ensure that the Windows file sharing settings and permissions are correctl...
Setting the hostname: FQDN or short name?
When setting the hostname for a server, you have the choice between using the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) or a short name. Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN): This includes both the hostname...
What is a glue record?
In the Domain Name System (DNS), a glue record is a specific type of record that helps in the resolution of domain names to IP addresses when the authoritative name servers for a domain are within ...
Why can't a CNAME record be used at the apex (aka root) of a domain?
A CNAME (Canonical Name) record in DNS (Domain Name System) is used to alias one domain name to another. It allows you to point a domain or subdomain to another domain's A or AAAA record. The reaso...
What are SPF records, and how do I configure them?
Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is an email authentication protocol used to prevent email spoofing, a technique used by spammers and cybercriminals to send emails with forged sender addresses. SPF al...
What limits the maximum number of connections on a Linux server?
On a Linux server, several factors can limit the maximum number of connections that can be established. These limitations are typically set to ensure the server's stability, security, and to preven...
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